Urban Warfare

Urban Warfare - combat in cities and towns - is an intense and complex form of battle. It is particularly challenging due to the constant presence of civilians. Soldiers face significant difficulties in balancing the protection of their own forces with the destruction of civilian infrastructure. Consequently, the media and public closely scrutinize battles in and around cities, as few other battlefields are as influenced by the struggle for control over the narrative and interpretation.

Through its dedicated research field, CISS aims to address the growing interest and questions surrounding this form of warfare, which has shaped nearly every state and non-state conflict since World War II.